Electric Power Group (EPG) is pleased to share that it has been selected to supply GETCO in India with the world’s largest WAMS deployment. When completed in 2022, the system will be capable of receiving data from a record 1,650 PMUs at 50 samples per second. Key highlights include:
This is a DOE Cost Share Project and 3 applications have been developed namely Real Time Contingency Analysis (RTCA), Voltage Stability Assessment Index (VSI), and Area Angle Limit Monitoring (AAM). Each of the applications uses Linear State Estimator Technology as an engine to derive results. RTCA is based on the linear state estimator which offers a guaranteed solution to provide a grid resiliency solution independent of EMS/SCADA and serve as backup to conventional RTCA. VSI provides a timely indication to operators when transmission capacity is decreasing and can be used to assess effects of remedial actions. AAM provides an important measure of transmission capacity that is not directly indicated by other techniques and can alert operators to a loss of capacity. The software has been installed and is undergoing testing at Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), and is planned for installation at New York Power Authority (NYPA) and Duke Energy.
Electric Power Group (EPG) mined three months of phasor data provided by California Independent System Operator (CAISO) for oscillations. The data mining results were also used to establish appropriate alarm thresholds for monitoring power system oscillations at CAISO. Oscillation alarm thresholds were established for VM, MW and MVAR signals for each of the four frequency bands of oscillations. These oscillation alarm thresholds will be configured in the Real TimeElectric Power Group (EPG) worked with the Southern Company to integrate its Network Model into EPG’s enhanced Linear State Estimator (eLSE). The process streamlines model integration and dynamic model updates without manual conversion of the CIM file to EPG internal format to be used by eLSE.
Electric Power Group (EPG) mined three months of phasor data provided by California Independent System Operator (CAISO) for oscillations. The data mining results were also used to establish appropriate alarm thresholds for monitoring power system oscillations at CAISO. Oscillation alarm thresholds were established for VM, MW and MVAR signals for each of the four frequency bands of oscillations. These oscillation alarm thresholds will be configured in the Real Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) for use by CAISO operators and operating engineers for monitoring oscillations and to provide alarm in real-time if the threshold is violated.
OETC is the transmission grid operator for the entire Sultanate of Oman. EPG’s engagement with OETC began in 2017 when EPG was selected after an internationally competed tender for the OETC WAMS Project. The OETC system started with 20 PMUs with plans for expansion to over 50 PMUs. OETC WAMS deployment and commissioning included supply of synchrophasor applications (RTDMS, ePDC and PGDA), procurement of WAMS hardware (servers, storage, firewalls, and switches), system configuration, testing, operator training, and Grid Analytical studies including data quality analysis of synchrophasor data. The deployment has been completed and OETC issued a “Take Over Certificate” (TOC) in February 2019 indicating successful completion and acceptance of EPG’s WAMS package.
EPG has deployed a pilot WAMS with RTDMS, PGDA, DataNXT and enhanced Linear State Estimator (eLSE) at Southern Regional Load Dispatch Center (SRLDC) in Bangalore, India. SRLDC is the system operator for the power system in Southern India and receives synchrophasor data from over 400 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). This project includes design, deployment, configuration of EPG applications and training of SRLDC personnel on use of synchrophasors for enhancing reliability and resiliency at SRLDC. EPG has successfully completed deployment, demonstrations and training for eLSE, RTDMS, PGDA and DataNXT applications at SRLDC. These applications are used daily at SRLDC for wide area monitoring, situational awareness, oscillation detection, event analysis and linear state estimation. EPG has performed extensive analysis for SRLDC on oscillation events, generation trip events, faults, data quality and generated detailed reports. Numerous training sessions including fundamentals, theory and hands-on exercises have been conducted by EPG experts for SRLDC staff.
EPG completed PGDA application training at ERCOT in February 2019. This was attended by 20 engineers from Grid Operations, Transmission Planning, Dynamics, Shift Engineering, and Operations Support departments. Training included fundamentals, theory and hands-on analysis of ERCOT events such as generation trip, oscillation events, and also on model validation, fault ride through to comply with the relevant NERC standards. This training successfully met ERCOT’s plan to have more engineers use PMU data for event analysis and model validation with EPG’s PGDA.
EPG is a participant and cost share partner for the project titled “A persistence meter for nimble alarming using ambient synchrophasor data”, that has been awarded by ARPA-E to University of Wisconsin-Madison with Washington State University (WSU) and EPG as participants. The objective of this project is to develop a functional online monitoring tool to assess system oscillatory dynamics in real-time using PMU data. The oscillation monitoring technique is based on a “persistence metric” for tracking proximity to system instability and has several advantages over current methods. The application developed as part of the project will be demonstrated at BPA and EPG. This project will enable an entirely new approach to grid monitoring using synchrophasors, which has the potential to have disruptive impact on real-time alarming and situational awareness of grid oscillations.
EPG is a participant and cost share partner for the project titled “Robust Learning of Dynamic Interactions for Enhancing Power System Resilience”, that has been awarded by DOE to Iowa State University with IBM and EPG as participants. The overall objective of this project is to leverage robust graphical learning and PMU data to learn the dynamic interactions of electrical grid components in order to improve power system resilience. The learned dynamic interaction graphs will be used to predict propagation of cascading outages, identify high-risk operational conditions, and enable risk-based cascading mitigation. Moreover, the interaction graphs will facilitate online identification and categorization of known and unknown anomalous patterns in system operations.
EPG is a participant and cost share partner for the project titled “Discovery of Signatures, Anomalies, and Precursors in Synchrophasor Data with Matrix Profile and Deep Recurrent Neural Networks”, that has been awarded by DOE to University of California, Riverside (UCR) with Michigan Technological University (MTU) and EPG as participants. The project uses the revolutionary multidimensional time series data mining technology Matrix Profile to automatically detect anomalous events and create a catalog of signatures/motifs for each type of events which is then used to train and optimize Deep Recurrent Neural Networks. The goal of this project is to apply proven, scalable, multidimensional, and robust big data and machine learning technology on the PMU data for identifying anomalous events, creating a catalog of event signatures, predicting asset health, and learning actionable precursors to instability phenomenon.
PacificCorp deployed EPG’s ePDC and Phasor Archiver to ensure compliance with NERC Reliability Standard MOD-033. In order to improve system planning models, Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) are being installed at approximately 33 substations and 11 generating plants (approximately 100 PMUs total). The data will be streamed to two central for analysis and comparison to models. PacifiCorp is utilizing ePDC’s redundant source selection function, which is able to support no loss of PMU data when there is loss of network path from the remote PMU to one of the control center sites.
EPG has deployed software (RTDMS, ePDC and PGDA) for a WAMS pilot at National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) control center. NEPCO owns and operates the high voltage electricity transmission system in Jordan. The pilot is led by Mutah University, and NEPCO deployed PMUs at multiple substations of Jordan’s bulk power system. EPG has successfully completed deployment and demonstration of WAMS applications including ePDC, RTDMS and PGDA, and delivered training to NEPCO engineers and Mutah researchers. WAMS applications are currently being used by NEPCO engineers to introduce wide area monitoring and situational awareness to system operations.
Professor Dan Trudnowski of Montana Tech has developed an approach and methodology to locate the source of oscillations by measuring dissipating energy using PMU data. EPG has performed extensive testing and validation using real data, simulations as well as comparing performance with other applications available to EPG. Having successfully tested the OSL, EPG plans to integrate this algorithm into RTDMS and other applications.
EPG is leveraging extensive baseline studies performed on the 4 Eastern Interconnection ISOs (PJM, NYISO, MISO, NE-ISO) to develop ESAMS. The goal of ESAMS is to provide intelligence on events that may originate outside of an ISO footprint to automatically identify angle difference and oscillation based abnormal system conditions and send alerts and reports to subscribers. This is a DOE-sponsored project managed by CERTS with participation by PNNL and planned application hosting at PJM. ESAMS with PNNL code and EPG code has been developed and installed at PJM for testing and validation. Currently, ESAMS is operating with PJM PMUs only since May 2019. Using feedback from ISOs, ESAMS will be upgraded and delivered for further testing in August 2019. The next phase of ESAMS will be extended to include PMUs from MISO, NYISO, and NE-ISO. In the future, ESAMS will Integrate PNNL’s Oscillation Source Location function as well as extend it to other EI entities.
EPG presents project reports and posters at the April, 2019 North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) meeting held in San Diego, California. The project presentations covered two DOE sponsored projects “Real Time Applications Using Linear State Estimation Technology” with Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and New York Power Authority (NYPA) as cost share partners and demonstration hosts; and “Substation Secondary Asset Health Monitoring Based on Synchrophasor Technology”with American Electric Power (AEP) as cost share partner and demonstration host. EPG team also presented posters on four applications: (Click on links to view posters)
The eLSE implementation is part of a pilot to enable PJM to test and validate their PMU measured data by comparing results from eLSE. The implementation involved an extensive effort to integrate with PJM network model, PMU Mapping and historical data validation for more than 200 buses prior to eLSE implementation at PJM for their testing and acceptance.
Southern Company has deployed EPG’s ICCP Gateway to send synchrophasor data and calculated values including voltage magnitude, voltage angle, MW, and MVAR from ePDC/RTDMS directly to EMS. The ICCP connectivity and mapping has been validated and Southern is updating PMU and measurement names for consistency.
ComEd, one of America’s largest electric utilities in North America serving 4 million customers with 1,300 substations selected EPG synchrophasor software products through a competitive bid process. ComEd.is part of Exelon's family of companies that includes six utilities which deliver electricity and natural gas to approximately 10 million customers in Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania through its Atlantic City Electric, BGE, ComEd, Delmarva Power, PECO and Pepco subsidiaries.
ComEd has commissioned key EPG products such as enhanced Phasor Data Concentrator (ePDC), RTDMS as the real-time Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) for Dispatch Center and PGDA for Off-line analytics for use by engineers to validate models, establish alarm thresholds and analyze events - generation trips, line trips, and oscillations. EPG is also providing training and other professional services.
EPG implemented the eLSE at PeakRC with data from 5 regions – BPA, SCE, BCHydro, Northwest Energy, and Idaho Power. The eLSE has extended the coverage of the entire Western Electric grid consisting of 20 transmission systems. The eLSE is undergoing testing and validation. Peak RC is using the eLSE for enhanced visibility beyond available PMUs, data conditioning, network model validation and obtaining a fast guaranteed solution at the speed as the PMU data using EPG’s advanced design utilized in the eLSE.
Duke has deployed the PhasorNXT Platform which includes DataNXT for data quality validation, enhanced Linear State Estimator (eLSE) to provide fast and guaranteed state estimation solutions. The Deployment also includes Geospatial and One-line diagram displays for control room use, and RTDMS for real time analytics and visualization at their Charlotte Control Centre. The PhasorNXT enhances real-time grid monitoring capability complete with one-line diagrams and geospatial displays totally independent of EMS/SCADA - providing a grid resiliency solution in the event of EMS/SCADA shutdown due to equipment failure or cyber-attack.
EPG completed analysis of 3 months of synchrophasor data from OETC to identify data quality issues, events, and oscillations. Events identified and analysed in detail included frequency events, phase angle events and voltage events. EPG used the Automatic Event Miner (AEM) to identify events and the Phasor Grid Dynamics Analyzer (PGDA) for detailed event analysis. OETC owns and operates the main transmission grid of the Sultanate of Oman and transmits electricity from generating stations to distribution load centres in all regions of the Sultanate.
EPG received the awards “For outstanding support to IEEE, its members and the power and energy industry”.
This is the first of its kind application where SCADA data was combined with PMU data to provide full visibility of underlying network. The project was funded in part by DOE with Quanta Technologies as the lead, EPG as technology provider and NYPA as a cost share partner and application host. DNSE uses both SCADA and PMU data in any proportion (validated by DataNXT) simultaneously to obtain the complete state of entire NYPA operating model at rates close to the PMU data rates without iterations. The DNSE is capable of utilizing nonlinear model equations, is robust and does not have non-convergence issues so it always provides a solution. The estimated results were streamed to RTDMS for real time visualization and situational awareness in control centers.
Baselining Analysis using 2 months of peak load data was done to update alarm limits on 18 key Angle Difference pairs in SCE footprint. The phase angle limits analyzed changes in SCE system since 2012, such as retirement of generating plants and commissioning of new transmission lines. SCE is using these alarm limits to monitor system stress in real-time using RTDMS.
Ken received the IEC 1906 award in 2017, which “..recognizes exceptional and recent achievement - a project or other specific contribution - related to the activities of the IEC and which contributes in a significant way to advancing the work of the Commission”. Ken is a Principal Engineer at Electric Power Group and the convener of JTC1 which is drafting the Synchrophasor Standard IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1, a joint project with the IEC and IEEE.
OETC owns and operates the main transmission grid of the Sultanate of Oman and transmits electricity from generating stations to distribution load centers in all regions of the Sultanate. EPG was selected after an internationally competed Tender for the design, supply, testing and commissioning of WAMS. The commissioning includes key EPG products such as enhanced Phasor Data Concentrator (ePDC), RTDMS as the real-time Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) for Dispatch Center and PGDA for Off-line analytics for use by engineers to validate models, establish alarm thresholds and analyze events - generation trips, line trips, and oscillations. EPG is also providing analysis services for baselining of the OETC grid using synchrophasor data.
A 2-day workshop covering theory and best practices for oscillation monitoring and detection was led by Professors Dan Trudnowski and Matt Donnelly of Montana Tech, John Pierre (University of Wyoming), and EPG’s Kevin Chen and Neeraj Nayak took place in August, 2017. Participants were major ISOs and utilities including PJM, NYISO, ERCOT, SPP, TVA, Peak RC.
ERCOT is using PhasorNXT for a real time grid monitoring system independent of EMS/SCADA - providing a grid resiliency solution in the event of EMS/SCADA shutdown due to equipment failure or cyber-attack. PhasorNXT system includes DataNXT for data quality validation, enhanced Linear State Estimator (eLSE), Geospatial and One-line diagram displays for control room use.
The validation process was conducted using simulations, case studies, disturbance data, over a 6-month period. The testing has validated the algorithms used for oscillation detection and monitoring. PJM is now using the test results to develop operating guidelines.
NYISO manages and tracks PMU performance through monthly reports from GridSmarts. Report includes overall PMU performance as well as breakdown of bad data for each PMU by error for use in data management business process.
The eLSE was used to identify and remediate faulty impedance values in their network model - used for traditional state estimation and contingency analysis. Peak RC is also using the eLSE for enhanced visibility beyond available PMUs; data conditioning and network model validation.
The mobile solution enables users to access RTDMS visualization through a web browser thereby offering a cost effective alternative to desktop software, with the added benefit of secure access on Android and iOS platforms.
PJM receives data from 12 transmission companies and is using DataNXT to manage data quality to identify root causes for PMU data quality issues and establishing a business process for remediation.
NYISO has acquired PSOT to replay significant grid events to establish alarm limits that are actionable by operators. PSOT is also planned for use to train operators on use of synchrophasor technology for managing the grid.
EPG is leveraging extensive baseline studies performed on the 4 Eastern Interconnection ISOs (PJM, NYISO, MISO, NE-ISO) to develop ESAMS to automatically identify angle difference and oscillation based abnormal system conditions and send alerts and reports to subscribers. This is a DOE sponsored project managed by CERTS with participation by PNNL and application hosting planned at PJM.
Composite alarms were used to detect stressed grid conditions at ERCOT for PSOT. Composite of Phase Angle Differences and Power flow alarms were used to identify line outages combined with high phase angle differences alert operators for the next contingency. Customers are utilizing Composite alarms for different purposes such as alarms based on regions or zones; oscillation alarms based on a combination of metrics – MVAR and Voltage; alarms based on combination of Power Flows, Phase Angle Differences and Low Voltage Alarms.
SCE currently has PMUs from 13 substations sending data to their Grid Control Center. Using eLSE, the system observability was increased to 52 substations. The use of estimated values (virtual PMUs) was enabled with models and breaker status information and provides SCE an opportunity to prioritize and cost effectively select locations for PMU deployment.
ETED is a state owned company responsible for the power grid. EPG deployed its RTDMS for real time control center situational awareness monitoring and PGDA for off-line grid analytics. Operators and Engineers have been trained on these applications and synchrophasor technology in Spanish, the local language.
EPG’s ICCP Gateway was utilized to make synchrophasor data available for improved state estimation. The data is integrated with the state estimator voting scheme to provide improved solution.
DOE awarded a project to EPG to develop a substation asset health monitoring system with AEP as demonstration host and cost share partner. The project utilizes high-resolution synchrophasor data to check for precursor to failure, detect anomalies that may indicate equipment health issues, and sends early warning to substation personnel to proactively check equipment and take actions, like repairing or replacing the equipment. The project utilizes Substation level LSE (SLSE) and data-driven statistical anomaly detection methods to complement the SLSE.
APS utilizes PGDA for system model validation by comparing PSLF simulated data against the PMU measured data to meet NERC MOD 33 requirement.
RTDMS Geospatial Map view with oscillation layer indicates the location of the oscillation and frequency band for root cause diagnostics of the oscillation. For example, forced oscillations in band 3 (1 – 5 Hz) were detected at a wind farm indicating local oscillations originating at that wind farm.
To integrate synchrophasor intelligence with EMS/SCADA, Southern Company has deployed EPG’s ICCP Gateway. This will enable operators to obtain information on critical phase angles from key interfaces.
Duke presented a grid resiliency solution for operators to use in the event of EMS being unavailable due to equipment failure or malicious cyber-attack. The PhasorNXT system utilizes independent communication circuits, data quality check with DataNXT, enhanced Linear State Estimator, Visualization using geo-spatial and one-line diagram displays with drill down capability to substations and buses. The system is planned for deployment at Duke Control Centers in Charlotte and Florida.
Using grid events simulated on EPG’s Phasor Simulator for Operator Training (PSOT), EPG and SCE conducted on-site training in SCE control center. The training used recorded and simulated extreme events. Operators learned about event precursors, monitored dynamic metrics during events, and were trained on corrective/preemptive actions. Events included monitoring and mitigation of local islanding conditions, monitoring and controlling local oscillations and using angle differences to help reclose line breakers.
BPA tested and validated eLSE for synchrophasor data validation and conditioning by replacing raw values with estimated values. eLSE was validated for use with archived data and real time streaming data at 60 frames per second. The eLSE enabled BPA to obtaining full observability of the 500 kV system and portions of the 230 kV system as eLSE enhanced the observability with estimated values for locations without PMUs.
EPG mined 3 years of ERCOT archived data for Use in Event Analysis, Model Validation and Operations. The PGDA and Automated Event Miner (AEM) were used to perform batch processing on historical data to identify events and report events by time, location, severity and possible root cause. The event mining identified dominant oscillations for real time monitoring using RTDMS.
Dominion deployed a dual profile RTDMS client that enables operators to view the PJM RTDMS Visualization and the Dominion RTDMS Visualization with the same Client software.
As part of acceptance of RTDMS for production environment, PJM retained a third-party for independent penetration testing of RTDMS software. All identified issues were addressed satisfactorily.
BPA utilized ePDC in a multimillion dollar project to collect data from real time synchrophasor data streams (PMUs and PDCs), concentrate and time align the data, and distribute the data to different applications with 39 simultaneous outputs, each with different data rates and signals using ePDC.
Event analysis is conducted using PGDA and report templates are used to generate and distribute event reports to internal stakeholders. Events analyzed cover oscillation events, generation trip events, frequency response analysis and perform ring-down analysis to identify participating modes in an event. Analysis is used in planning, engineering and operations for example, to validate alarm levels for configuration in RTDMS.
To address the challenge of efficient large data extraction, EPG developed the ePDE which was validated by Dominion under different use scenarios. This reduced their data retrieval time by 60%.
Operators need critical alarms available in one system. To complement EMS/SCADA, Duke utilizes EPG’s DNP3 Gateway to send alarms on dynamic metrics to EMS so that operators have the benefit of alarm information from synchrophasors and the EMS in the same system. Dynamic metrics, measures of system dynamic activity, are observable through synchrophasors and not the regular SCADA.
EPG trained trainers at ERCOT who will train system operators during regularly scheduled training cycle. The goal was to provide training on Synchrophasor technology to detect events otherwise unobservable through SCADA/EMS system and take corrective/preemptive actions. Events include monitoring and controlling oscillations at a wind farm, and monitoring angle differences to prevent local blackout conditions as well as extreme events involving generator trips and line trips.