Provide the real time state of the system
eLSE calculates complex bus voltages at each bus using PMU measurements.
Bad Data Detection and Conditioning
eLSE filters out bad data and replaces it with good value.
Extend the observability
eLSE extends the observability to nearby substations by calculating bus voltages and phase angles using PMU measurements.
Closing Lines using Phase angles
As eLSE extends observability and calculates voltages and phase angles at nearby substations, the phase angle information can be used to check the angle limits and reclose lines after line trip events.
Equipment Health Monitoring
Continuous bad measurement may indicate malfunction or health issue of particular equipment at substation. If the measurements from equipment are identified as bad data continuously by eLSE then eLSE can send an early warning to operators.
Backup for EMS
eLSE can serve as a backup for the EMS when the traditional state estimation fails to converge.